Vegetables

Parsley is known in some Arab countries as “Maqdounis”.

It helps remove spots, pimples, and acne from the face.

Parsley is beneficial for digestive disorders and inflammation of the kidneys and bladder.

Parsley is a biennial herbaceous plant that ranges in height from 60 to 200 cm. It has many stems growing from a single root. The stems are upright, rounded, and branched. Its leaves are compound, the flowers are white and grow in clusters, and the fruits are umbrella-shaped clusters. Parsley is distinguished by its strong aromatic scent and bright green leaves. Its varieties include the smooth local type and the curly European type. Parsley oil can be extracted from its seeds.

Parsley has several names. In the ancient Egyptian language, it was called “Matet.” The Egyptologist “Grabou” discovered remains of parsley seeds and leaves in some Pharaonic tombs and confirmed that the ancient Egyptians used parsley in many medicinal recipes for treating numerous diseases. It is also known as parsley, maqdounis, and ma‘danous. The word “maqdounis” is derived from “Macedonia,” the original homeland of the plant. In some countries, it is also called Roman celery or “Petroselinon,” which is a Greek word.

Scientifically, parsley is known as Petroselinum crispum from the Apiaceae family. All parts of the plant are used, including the roots.

Parsley in Ancient Medicine

Parsley has been used for hundreds of years. The ancient Egyptians used fresh parsley as a cooling food and in cases of painful or absent menstruation. They also used it as poultices to reduce inflammation and swelling, while parsley seeds were used to relieve intestinal gas and urinary difficulties.

Ancient physicians used parsley to treat stomach inflammation, dissolve kidney stones, soften the bowels, relieve colic, asthma, shortness of breath, and breast swelling. It freshens the breath, stimulates menstruation, supports spleen and liver health, and increases milk production. Fresh leaves were also used as poultices against breast swelling, insect bites, lice, and skin inflammations.

What Does Modern Medicine Say About Parsley?

Modern scientific studies have shown that parsley contains volatile oils, the most important of which are Apiole and Myristicin. It also contains furocoumarins such as Bergapten, flavonoids such as Apiin, and many vitamins, especially Vitamin C.

Parsley contains very high amounts of Vitamin C — approximately four times more than lemons. Every 100 grams of parsley contains about 165 mg of Vitamin C. The fruits (seeds) contain the highest concentration of these components, while the roots contain less.

Studies on parsley seeds in laboratory animals demonstrated a strong diuretic effect, even in small doses. High doses increase smooth muscle contractions in the intestines, bladder, and uterus, which explains their use for menstrual disorders.

German health authorities approved the use of parsley leaves, stems, and roots for urinary tract infections and kidney and bladder stones. Parsley is also useful for digestive disorders and inflammation of the kidneys and bladder.

Medicinal Uses of Parsley

  • Helps treat rheumatism, kidney stones, and urinary disorders.
  • Supports liver health and relieves menstrual pain.
  • Stimulates milk production.
  • Helps remove fluid retention (edema).
  • Used to cleanse and freshen the skin.
  • Helps reduce freckles, pimples, and facial blemishes.
  • Supports joint inflammation treatment and helps with arterial stiffness.
  • Acts as a natural antibacterial and antiviral agent.

Important Warning

Parsley should not be used medicinally by:

  • Pregnant women or women planning pregnancy.
  • Children under two years old.
  • People suffering from chronic digestive diseases such as stomach ulcers or colon ulcers.

Fresh green parsley may be consumed normally, but dried seeds and roots should be used cautiously.

Nutritional and Health Benefits

Research confirms that parsley stimulates memory and supports the reproductive system. It is one of the richest plants in Vitamin C and also contains high levels of Vitamin A, which supports eyesight.

Modern medicine has proven parsley beneficial for:

  • Relieving stomach pain.
  • Eliminating intestinal worms.
  • Acting as a diuretic.
  • Regulating the menstrual cycle.
  • Strengthening the nervous, digestive, and reproductive systems.
  • Supporting people with anemia because of its high iron content.

Parsley also helps the body absorb iron from other foods, unlike tea, which reduces iron absorption when consumed after meals.

Vitamins and Minerals in Parsley

Parsley is rich in:

  • Vitamin A
  • Vitamin C
  • Vitamin B complex (B1, B2, B3, B6)
  • Iron
  • Calcium
  • Phosphorus

Fresh parsley contains four times more Vitamin C than oranges.

Beauty and Skin Benefits

Boiled parsley roots can help improve skin appearance and reduce freckles. Washing the face with parsley infusion may help clear the skin and improve complexion.

Chewing fresh parsley also helps eliminate unpleasant mouth odors.

Parsley as a Natural Viagra

A scientific study reported that parsley may help treat male sexual weakness and may act as a natural alternative similar to Viagra due to its positive effects on circulation and muscle stimulation.

Nutritional Composition of Parsley

  • Water: 85 g
  • Protein: 3.07 g
  • Fat: 0.6 g
  • Calories: 56 kcal
  • Calcium: 195 mg
  • Phosphorus: 52 mg
  • Iron: 5 mg
  • Vitamin A: 918 mcg
  • Vitamin C: 3.7 g

Final Notes

Parsley should preferably be consumed fresh because drying or prolonged soaking reduces its vitamin content significantly.

Fresh parsley is highly beneficial for vision, skin health, blood vessels, immunity, and overall body strength due to its rich vitamin and mineral composition.

A question was asked about boiled parsley and its effects on health and pregnancy. Fresh parsley leaves and stems are generally safe whether eaten raw or cooked. However, parsley seeds should be used cautiously because large doses can be toxic and are not recommended for pregnant women or people with kidney disease. Parsley also helps reduce mouth odor, especially after eating garlic.

Watercress is a green plant with simple feathery leaves. Its tender leaves are eaten before the plant flowers.

Experts say that the Arabs knew watercress and described it in ancient medicine. They explained that eating its tender leaves and ripe seeds, as well as drinking the juice of its leaves, gives the body general vitality. It is beneficial for humans, acts as a diuretic, and helps digest food.

Experts also explain that watercress seeds and juice help remove freckles from the skin. Eating watercress purifies the blood and improves circulation. It helps strengthen the teeth, reinforce the gums, and prevent gum bleeding. It is also beneficial for colds and chest diseases because it acts as an expectorant and relieves rheumatic and joint pain.

Watercress also purifies the blood and cleanses the stomach.

Watercress for Hair Loss

To use watercress for hair loss:

  • Mix 15 grams of watercress juice with 50 grams of alcohol and one teaspoon of rose water.
  • Massage the mixture into the scalp daily for two weeks, then wash the hair.

Watercress as a Diuretic

To promote urination:

  • Boil 3 small bunches of watercress with one medium onion in 2 liters of water.
  • Continue boiling until the liquid reduces to half.
  • Strain and drink one cup in the morning and one in the evening.

Other Benefits of Watercress

Watercress can also help treat mild sunburns by:

  • Crushing one bunch of watercress with one tablespoon of olive oil,
  • Then straining and applying it to the affected area.

Fresh watercress is commonly added to salads, where it helps digestion and acts as a diuretic.

Doctors advise pregnant women to reduce their intake of watercress because it may stimulate menstruation. People suffering from thyroid enlargement are also advised to avoid it. Excessive consumption may cause bladder irritation.

Scientific Studies on Watercress

Laboratory studies conducted at the National Research Center confirmed that watercress oil and olive oil help reduce blood fats and cholesterol levels.

Research showed that watercress oil contains large amounts of gamma-linolenic acid. Experiments on laboratory rats demonstrated that using watercress oil and olive oil significantly reduced total fats and cholesterol in both blood serum and liver tissue, indicating its usefulness in lowering blood fat and cholesterol levels.

Traditional and Medical Uses

Dr. سعد محمد خفاجي, former professor of pharmacognosy and medicinal plants at Alexandria University, stated that Arabs recognized watercress in ancient medicine. They described its seeds as pungent like mustard and believed that eating its fresh leaves, ripe seeds, and drinking its juice enhanced sexual vitality, promoted urination, aided digestion, softened the bowels, purified the blood, improved circulation, strengthened teeth and gums, and prevented bleeding.

Watercress also helps with colds and chest diseases because it expels mucus and relieves rheumatic and joint pain.

Nutritional Components

Watercress leaves contain:

  • Vitamin C
  • Calcium
  • Sulfur
  • Iodine
  • Iron
  • Phosphorus
  • Sulfur-rich pungent compounds

Ibn Sina’s Description of Watercress

The famous physician Ibn Sina (Avicenna) described watercress as:

  • Hot and dry in nature.
  • Beneficial for digestion.
  • A stimulant for sexual vitality and urination, especially its seeds.
  • Helpful for milk production.
  • Useful for cleansing freckles and skin discoloration.

He also noted that eating watercress alone may cause headaches, but lettuce, chicory, and purslane may reduce this effect.

Warnings

Researchers noted that watercress contains mustard-like compounds along with Vitamin C, iodine, sulfur, and iron. Excessive consumption may cause:

  • Digestive disturbances
  • Burning during urination
  • Bleeding in pregnant women

If copying any page from the original source, the source should be credited as:
“Quoted from Al-Hawaj Website.”

Basil – The Royal Herb with a Pleasant Fragrance
Light to carry and sweet-smelling, known in Europe as the “Royal Herb”

Basil helps stimulate appetite, improve digestion, and acts as an anti-spasmodic herb.

Basil is one of the aromatic plants and has many varieties, each with several names. Most types are similar in their chemical composition and medicinal effects. It is a fresh and beautiful plant with simple leaves and clustered flowers in different colors, including bright purple and white. Basil has long been known as a fragrant herb, and every region has valued it according to its traditions and daily life. It has also been used as a spice for centuries.

Scientifically, basil is known as Ocimum basilicum. Arabs, especially in the Arabian Peninsula, have appreciated basil since ancient times. It was mentioned in Arabic poetry, including these verses:

“Basil sways with its branches,
Its fragrance sweetens every drink.”

Another poet, Mu’ayyid Al-Din Al-Tughra’i, described basil beautifully in his poetry, praising its green appearance and refreshing scent carried by the breeze.

Basil is also mentioned in the Holy Quran in the verse:

“Then comfort, fragrance, and a garden of bliss.”
(Surah Al-Waqi‘ah 56:89)

It is also mentioned in the Prophetic Hadith where the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said:

“Whoever is offered basil should not refuse it, for it is light to carry and pleasant in fragrance.”

In Europe, basil became known as the “Royal Herb” and was widely used as a medicinal plant with many benefits. It became especially famous in Britain for its aromatic qualities.

The famous physician Ibn Sina (Avicenna) stated that fresh basil paste or basil oil ointment may help with hemorrhoids and stomach bloating.

In traditional medicine, smelling basil was believed to relieve headaches and promote sleep. Its seeds were used for diarrhea, colic relief, heart strengthening, and mood-related illnesses. Basil flowers were considered digestive stimulants, especially useful for stomach weakness and relaxation. Cold basil infusions were used to reduce vomiting, while warm infusions were used to ease stomach cramps.

In modern herbal medicine, basil is considered a digestive stimulant and anti-spasmodic herb. Large companies in the United States cultivate basil commercially to extract its essential oil, which is exported worldwide. Fresh, infused, or boiled basil leaves are commonly used in herbal remedies for various conditions. Basil preparations are also widely used for bloating, improving appetite, digestion, and as a mild diuretic.

In traditional Chinese medicine, basil is used for kidney problems and gum ulcers.

In Indian traditional medicine, basil is used for ear pain, joint pain, skin diseases, and malaria. Pure basil oil is also used traditionally for treating wounds, rheumatic pain, colds, joint congestion, and fatigue. Basil leaf infusions are also used to help reduce hair loss.

Because basil and basil oil contain a compound called estragole, it is advised that pregnant women and children under two years old avoid excessive use.

Basil is widely used in food as a flavorful spice. Its leaves are added to salads, soups, sausages, and cooked dishes. Basil essential oil is also used in perfumes and beverages.

In some regions of Saudi Arabia, basil is used as an ornamental and fragrant plant by women, men, and children alike. In the Asir region, basil cultivation is very popular and has a large market. It is commonly used during weddings, holidays, and celebrations. Basil is also placed among clothes and bedding to give them a pleasant scent. Traditionally, women wore beautiful basil branches in their hair and around their necks because of their attractive appearance and refreshing fragrance.

Benefits of Leek

Studies Confirm Its Antibacterial Effects

Leek, like onion, is considered a digestive stimulant, diuretic, expectorant, natural deworming remedy, and a treatment for skin rashes.

Leek is a cultivated herb with a flavor similar to onion. Some varieties resemble onions, while others look more like garlic. It is known by several names in Arabic, including Karasi, Qurt, and Rakl. Wild leek is sometimes called Al-Taitan. In the Levant region, small-headed leek is called Barasa. Scientifically, leek is known as Allium porrum and belongs to the lily family.

The original homeland of leek is Southern Europe, but today it is cultivated in most countries around the world. All parts of the plant are used, including the roots.

Chemical Composition

Leek contains several important vitamins, including Vitamins A, B, and C. It also contains proteins, sugars, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, manganese, iron, sulfur, chlorine, and silicon.

What Did Ancient Medicine Say About Leek?

Leek was mentioned in an ancient papyrus dating back to the Fifth Dynasty in Egypt. It was also found in ancient Roman tombs. According to the historian Pliny, the Roman Emperor Nero dedicated one day every month to eating leek to improve his voice. It is also said that Pharaoh Cheops rewarded a magician with one hundred leek bulbs. The Greek philosopher Aristotle believed that the strong voice of the partridge bird was due to eating leek.

Hippocrates, the father of Greek medicine, stated that leek acts as a diuretic, softens the stomach, stops belching, treats tuberculosis and infertility, increases breast milk production, relieves colic, stops nosebleeds, and treats uterine disorders.

The famous herbalist Dawood Al-Antaki said that leek is beneficial for asthma, chest pain, and cough, especially when cooked with barley. He also believed its seeds stimulate sexual energy and that it can help treat hemorrhoids and remove freckles, warts, and skin spots when mixed with honey.

Ibn Sina (Avicenna) wrote that Syrian leek removes warts and pimples, while Nabataean leek may help hemorrhoids and stop bleeding from wounds. Singers also used leek to improve vocal clarity.

What Does Modern Medicine Say About Leek?

Modern herbal medicine considers leek to have effects similar to onion. It is used as:

  • A digestive stimulant
  • An expectorant (helps remove mucus)
  • A mild laxative
  • A diuretic
  • A natural deworming remedy

Research has shown that leek has antibacterial properties, especially against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.

Some studies suggest that leek may help reduce obesity. Externally, leek juice mixed with milk has been used as a facial wash to remove red spots and skin rashes. Mixed with wheat pulp and a little sugar, it is applied to boils and wounds to help draw out pus. Boiled leek leaves are also used as a disinfectant for wounds, and rubbing leek on insect bites may help relieve pain.

Main Health Benefits of Leek

1. Strengthens Natural Immunity

Leek supports the immune system thanks to its Vitamin B complex and Vitamin C, which help fight infections and fatigue.

2. Supports Digestive Health

Leek is easy to digest and suitable even for sensitive stomachs. Leek soup is gentle on digestion, helps stimulate the stomach, improves fermentation and nutrient absorption, and its sulfur compounds help prevent harmful intestinal fermentation.

3. Cleanses the Intestines

Leek contains cellulose and natural fibers that help clean the intestines and promote healthy bowel movements, making it a gentle natural laxative.

4. Helps Fight Anemia

Its iron content supports red blood cell production. It also strengthens bones and skin because of its calcium content and supports the nervous system with magnesium.

5. Beneficial for Several Conditions

Leek has traditionally been recommended for:

  • Atherosclerosis
  • Rheumatism
  • Gout
  • Kidney and bladder inflammation
  • Obesity

Its sulfur-containing compounds make it one of nature’s effective diuretics.

6. Rich in Alkaline Minerals

Some researchers believe leek therapy may provide benefits comparable to certain mineral water treatments because of its rich mineral content.

7. Excellent Winter Source of Chlorophyll

Leek provides chlorophyll during winter months. Chlorophyll supports metabolism, nutrient absorption, and heart muscle function.

For this reason, the green leaves of leek should not be discarded.

Nutritional Value of 100g of Leek

  • About 90% water
  • 1 gram of protein
  • Around 5 grams of sugar
  • Rich in beneficial minerals and vitamins

Traditional Uses and Home Remedies

Fresh leek juice mixed with milk has been used traditionally to reduce red facial spots, skin rashes, and freckles.

Mixing leek juice with wheat flour and a little sugar and applying it to boils may help them mature and open naturally.

Mixing fresh leek with natural honey and eating it on an empty stomach for three days was traditionally believed to relieve severe cough and cleanse the respiratory tract.

Crushed leek roots mixed with milk were traditionally used against intestinal worms.

Rubbing leek leaves on insect bites may help relieve pain and irritation.

Warm boiled leek mixed with olive oil was traditionally placed over the bladder area to help with urinary retention.

Celery Benefits and Traditional Uses

Celery is a biennial plant that grows between 40 cm and 1 meter in height. It has an upright, hollow, ribbed stem with glossy dark green leaves. The lower leaves are divided into five serrated sections, while the upper leaves are divided into three narrower parts. Its flowers are small, white, and umbrella-shaped. Celery has a strong aromatic scent and a distinctive flavor.

In ancient Egyptian language, celery was called “Matet,” while the Greeks referred to it as the “Moon Plant.”

The entire celery plant is used medicinally, including the roots and seed oil.

Scientifically, celery is known as Apium graveolens and belongs to the Apiaceae family.

Its original habitat is believed to be the temperate regions of Asia before spreading to Europe and the Mediterranean coasts.

Chemical Components of Celery

Celery seeds contain essential oils rich in compounds such as:

  • Limonene
  • Beta-selinene
  • Phthalides

The seeds also contain flavonoids, furocoumarins, and fatty oils.

The leaves and stems contain volatile oils including:

  • Myrcene
  • Alpha-terpineol
  • Geranyl acetate
  • Limonene

Celery also contains Vitamins A, B, and C, along with important minerals such as:

  • Iron
  • Iodine
  • Copper
  • Magnesium
  • Manganese
  • Potassium
  • Calcium
  • Phosphorus

Celery in Ancient Medicine

The ancient Greeks considered celery a calming herb and used it for toothaches. Ancient Egyptians used celery in funeral rituals and discovered celery wreaths in old tombs near Thebes. It was also included in several ancient healing recipes.

Arab physicians and scholars wrote extensively about celery. The famous physician Ibn Sina (Avicenna) described celery as:

  • Relieving bloating
  • Opening bodily obstructions
  • Easing pain
  • Beneficial for cough and breathing difficulties
  • Helpful for liver and spleen disorders

Ibn Al-Baitar stated that celery helps with:

  • Asthma
  • Cough
  • Shortness of breath
  • Urinary problems

He also believed it stimulates sexual desire in both men and women.

Dawood Al-Antaki wrote that celery:

  • Helps dissolve kidney stones
  • Improves urination
  • Relieves jaundice
  • Helps asthma and breathing issues
  • Eases joint and side pain
  • Treats itching and skin diseases when used externally

The Greek physician Galen believed celery seeds helped:

  • Remove excess body fluids
  • Purify the liver
  • Stimulate urination
  • Cleanse the kidneys and bladder

Ancient Egyptians also used celery preparations for:

  • Burns
  • Skin inflammation
  • Asthma
  • Gum strengthening
  • Tongue inflammation
  • Infertility
  • Hearing weakness

Ibn Al-Qayyim mentioned that fresh celery leaves:

  • Support stomach and liver health
  • Promote urination
  • Help break down stones
  • Stimulate appetite and vitality
  • Reduce bad breath

Celery in Modern Herbal Medicine

Because celery is rich in vitamins and minerals, it is used as:

  • A natural tonic
  • A body-strengthening herb
  • A diuretic
  • A digestive aid
  • An anti-rheumatic herb
  • A purifier for the bloodstream
  • A remedy for fatigue and weakness

Celery is commonly consumed:

  • Fresh in salads
  • Cooked in soups
  • As fresh root juice

Celery root juice has traditionally been used for:

  • Rheumatism
  • Asthma
  • Gout
  • Arthritis
  • Cough and hoarseness

Boiled celery leaves are also used traditionally for:

  • Fainting episodes
  • Wound cleansing
  • Boils and skin ulcers
  • Mouth ulcers and sore throat

Scientific Studies on Celery

Research conducted in Germany and China found that celery essential oil may:

  • Calm the central nervous system
  • Reduce muscle spasms
  • Act as a natural diuretic
  • Lower blood pressure
  • Reduce fever
  • Help eliminate bacteria and some fungi

Celery seeds are commonly used today for:

  • Rheumatism
  • Gout
  • Bladder infections
  • Urinary tract inflammation
  • Improving circulation in muscles and joints

Studies on animals also showed that celery seeds, leaves, stems, and roots may have:

  • Sedative effects
  • Anti-spasmodic properties
  • Diuretic effects

Celery is also used in homeopathic medicine for ovarian disorders and rheumatism.

Celery and Malaria

Celery has traditionally been used in some herbal practices to help reduce malaria fever symptoms because of its fever-lowering and calming effects.

A traditional method involved drinking fresh celery leaf juice several days before and after expected fever episodes.

Important Warning

Celery should not be used excessively by:

  • Pregnant women
  • People suffering from kidney inflammation or severe kidney disorders

Traditional Nutritional and Health Benefits of Celery

Celery is valued for:

  • Supporting digestion
  • Relieving gas and bloating
  • Promoting urination
  • Supporting joint health
  • Helping detoxification
  • Improving circulation
  • Supporting the nervous system
  • Providing antioxidant nutrients

Its pleasant aroma and rich nutritional content have made celery both a valuable medicinal herb and a popular food for thousands of years.

Coriander Benefits and Traditional Uses

Coriander is an annual aromatic herb with a strong fragrance that grows up to 50 cm tall. It has finely divided upper leaves, small white or pink flowers, and produces round yellow-to-brown seeds. Coriander is considered one of the world’s most popular spices.

Coriander is known by several names such as Kuzbara, Kasbara, Taqad, and Thao. Scientifically, it is known as Coriandrum sativum and belongs to the Apiaceae family.

The useful parts of the plant include:

  • Leaves
  • Seeds
  • Essential oil

Coriander is native to Mediterranean countries and is widely cultivated in India, South America, and Europe.

Active Components of Coriander

Coriander contains volatile oils rich in compounds such as:

  • Linalool
  • Borneol
  • Para-cymene
  • Camphor
  • Geraniol
  • Limonene
  • Pinene

It also contains:

  • Fatty oils
  • Coumarins
  • Flavonoids
  • Phthalides
  • Potassium
  • Calcium
  • Magnesium
  • Iron
  • Vitamin C

Coriander in Ancient Medicine

Coriander has been used throughout Asia, North Africa, and Europe for more than 2,000 years BC. Archaeologists discovered baskets of coriander seeds in the tomb of Tutankhamun, and coriander was also offered in ancient Egyptian burial rituals.

The Roman writer Pliny stated that the best coriander imported into Italy came from Egypt. Coriander was mentioned many times in ancient Egyptian papyri, including the Ebers Papyrus and Berlin Papyrus, highlighting its medicinal importance.

Coriander was also mentioned in the Torah, indicating its ancient therapeutic significance.

During the Han Dynasty in China (202 BC), coriander spread eastward and was used for:

  • Skin ulcers
  • Burns
  • Ear infections
  • Eye watering
  • Increasing breast milk production

Ancient Egyptian physicians believed coriander helped:

  • Expel intestinal worms
  • Calm inflammation
  • Relieve fractures
  • Treat uterine prolapse
  • Reduce gas and digestive discomfort

The Greek physician Galen said:

“Coriander juice mixed with milk calms severe throbbing pain.”

The famous physician Al-Razi stated that coriander helps:

  • Frequent urination
  • Urinary discomfort
  • Cold-related illnesses
  • Stomach acidity

Ibn Sina (Avicenna) recommended coriander for inflammatory swellings and certain skin conditions.

Ibn Al-Baitar wrote that coriander supports digestion, though he believed fresh coriander could aggravate asthma in some individuals.

Dawood Al-Antaki described coriander as:

  • Reducing vomiting
  • Relieving thirst
  • Improving appetite
  • Strengthening the heart
  • Reducing palpitations
  • Helping dysentery when combined with certain herbs
  • Supporting stomach health
  • Expelling intestinal worms

Hippocrates stated that coriander helps remove the odor of onions and garlic when chewed fresh or dried.

Coriander in Modern Herbal Medicine

Coriander is widely used worldwide as a spice and medicinal herb.

Coriander infusion is commonly used for:

  • Bloating
  • Colic pain
  • Digestive discomfort
  • Intestinal spasms
  • Nervous tension

Studies have shown that coriander oil:

  • Stimulates digestive secretions
  • Relieves gas and cramps
  • Has antibacterial and antifungal properties

German herbal references approve coriander for:

  • Loss of appetite
  • Indigestion

In Chinese medicine, coriander is used for:

  • Appetite loss
  • Measles and skin eruptions
  • Colon disorders
  • Rheumatism

In Indian traditional medicine, coriander is used for:

  • Nosebleeds
  • Cough
  • Bladder problems
  • Vomiting
  • Amoebic dysentery
  • Dizziness

A British pharmaceutical company also researched green coriander extracts and developed preparations used traditionally for asthma and whooping cough.

Additional Traditional Benefits of Coriander

Coriander is traditionally believed to:

  • Soothe the stomach and intestines
  • Relieve gas and digestive pain
  • Calm nerves and reduce insomnia
  • Ease irritable bowel symptoms
  • Support pancreatic function and insulin secretion
  • Help regulate blood sugar levels
  • Reduce rapid heartbeat and support blood pressure balance
  • Stimulate bile flow and support gallbladder health
  • Support liver function
  • Provide antioxidant protection

Some traditional herbal practices also used coriander infusions for calming effects and reducing premature ejaculation.

Safety and Usage

Coriander is generally considered safe when used in moderate amounts. Traditional herbal references recommend not exceeding approximately 3 grams daily divided into three doses.

Important Note About Traditional Fertility Claims

Some traditional and personal experiences mentioned coriander as a folk remedy for contraception. However, these are anecdotal experiences and are not scientifically confirmed medical treatments. Responses to herbs may vary greatly from person to person, and excessive use may cause unwanted side effects.

Herbal remedies should be used cautiously, especially regarding fertility, hormones, pregnancy, or chronic medical conditions. Consulting a qualified healthcare professional is recommended before using herbs for medicinal purposes.

Molokhia (Jew’s Mallow) – Benefits and Traditional Information

Molokhia is a leafy herb that has been used for a long time before its name was widely known. It is sometimes said that its original name was “Mulukiya” (royal food), and the name changed over time to “Molokhia.” Historical sources explain that this name may be linked to rulers who restricted its consumption to kings and elites, which is why it became associated with royalty.

Another historical account says that during the Fatimid era, a ruler once suffered from severe intestinal pain. Physicians recommended eating molokhia, and after recovery, he admired it so much that he named it “royal food” (Mulukiya), which later evolved into “Molokhia.”

Nutritional Value

Dried molokhia is considered more nutrient-dense than fresh molokhia.

Per 100 grams:

  • Fresh molokhia: ~4% protein
  • Dried molokhia: ~22% protein
  • Fresh fat: ~0.5%
  • Dried fat: ~2%
  • Fresh fiber: ~1.5%
  • Dried fiber: ~11%

Molokhia is also rich in Vitamin A and retains it even after cooking or drying.

Health Benefits (Traditional & Scientific View)

The mucilaginous (gel-like) substance in molokhia leaves:

  • Soothes the stomach and intestines
  • Acts as a natural laxative
  • Helps relieve constipation

It is also rich in fiber, which supports digestive health.

⚠️ The claim that molokhia affects sexual energy is a traditional belief and not scientifically confirmed.

Main Health Effects

Molokhia is considered a highly nutritious leafy vegetable when combined with meat (such as chicken, rabbit, lamb, or poultry), which increases its nutritional value.

Studies suggest it may help:

  • Calm the nervous system
  • Improve eyesight
  • Strengthen heart function
  • Support low blood pressure
  • Reduce fatigue and physical weakness

It contains Vitamin B, which helps prevent anemia and supports red blood cell production.

Vitamins and Minerals

Molokhia is rich in:

  • Vitamin A (high levels of carotene)
  • Vitamin B complex
  • Iron
  • Phosphorus
  • Calcium
  • Potassium
  • Manganese
  • Sodium

Carotene converts into Vitamin A, which:

  • Strengthens vision (especially night vision)
  • Boosts immunity
  • Protects tissues from damage and aging

Heart and Nervous System Benefits

Research from nutritional institutes suggests molokhia may:

  • Support heart health
  • Help regulate heartbeat
  • Reduce high blood pressure
  • Improve blood circulation
  • Reduce cholesterol levels
  • Protect against arterial hardening

It also supports brain function through phosphorus, which helps memory and mental performance.

Digestive System Benefits

Molokhia is considered:

  • Easy to digest
  • Soothing for the colon
  • Helpful for IBS (irritable bowel syndrome)
  • Effective against constipation
  • Helpful for digestive disorders and liver-related fatigue

It also has a mild diuretic effect (helps urine flow).

Nervous System and Mental Health

Molokhia contains compounds that may help:

  • Reduce stress and anxiety
  • Improve sleep quality
  • Support neurotransmitter function
  • Help reduce depression symptoms (indirectly through nutrition)

Carotenoids may help support serotonin production, which influences mood and emotional balance.

Traditional Claims (Not Fully Proven)

Some traditional reports suggest molokhia may:

  • Improve sexual health and fertility
  • Support hormone balance
  • Help regulate blood sugar through pancreatic stimulation
  • Support gallbladder function and bile flow
  • Help remove toxins from the body

⚠️ These claims vary in scientific support and should not replace medical treatment.

Medical Nutrition Perspective

According to researchers and nutrition experts:

  • Molokhia is a complete nutritional food
  • Rich in vitamins, minerals, fiber, and antioxidants
  • Helps prevent anemia due to iron content
  • Supports bone health (calcium and phosphorus)
  • Strengthens immune system

One of its key advantages is that it does not lose much nutritional value during cooking or washing.

Pregnancy Benefits

Molokhia is considered beneficial during pregnancy because:

  • It is rich in Vitamin A
  • Helps prevent iron deficiency anemia
  • Supports fetal development
  • Provides essential nutrients for mother and baby

Conclusion

Molokhia is a highly nutritious leafy vegetable with a long history of use in traditional medicine. It supports digestion, heart health, immunity, and general vitality, making it one of the most valued green vegetables in many cultures.

Peppermint (Mint) – Mentha piperita

Peppermint is a perennial herb scientifically known as Mentha piperita. The medicinally used part of the plant includes all its aerial (above-ground) parts.

It contains about nine compounds that help expel phlegm, in addition to menthol, which is the main active ingredient responsible for most of its medicinal effects. Menthol helps thin mucus in the respiratory tract, making it easier to expel.

Peppermint can be used as tea, tincture, or capsules. However, the essential oil should not be used internally and is intended for external use only.

Description of Common Mint (Balady Mint)

Common mint is a green aromatic herb that grows close to the ground, reaching about 30 cm in height. It can remain productive in the soil for up to three years before losing its potency.

Its fresh leaves are harvested and dried in the shade, then ground and stored for use when needed.

Mint contains volatile oils, especially menthol, along with other substances that:

  • Stimulate bile secretion
  • Relieve muscle spasms
  • Improve digestion

It is often eaten fresh to stimulate appetite and is added to salads and foods. Mint tea is commonly prepared by soaking fresh or dried leaves in hot water, sweetened with sugar, and consumed warm.

It is also used as a seasoning to enhance food flavor and reduce acidity.

Nutritional and Medicinal Benefits

Mint is known for several health effects, including:

  • Refreshing the blood
  • Preventing nausea
  • Relieving stomach pain and cramps
  • Reducing acidity and indigestion
  • Helping with gas and bloating
  • Acting as a mild sedative and anti-spasmodic

Mint water may also help relieve:

  • Headaches
  • Weak vision (traditional belief)
  • Chest congestion and phlegm
  • Tooth pain when leaves are chewed

It is also considered helpful for:

  • Kidney colic
  • Menstrual pain
  • Urinary support

Chemical Composition

Mint essential oil is typically colorless or yellowish and contains:

  • Carvone (up to 60%)
  • Limonene
  • Phellandrene
  • Pinene
  • Small amounts of menthone
  • Tannins

Preparation and Use

Mint infusion is prepared by:

  • Adding one tablespoon of dried mint powder to a cup of hot water
  • Drinking it 2–3 times daily

It can also be mixed with milk in some traditional preparations.

Contraindications and Precautions

Mint should be used with caution in:

  • Fever conditions
  • Cases of frequent vomiting (it may worsen symptoms)
  • People with dry mouth or excessive thirst

Excessive consumption is not recommended because menthol may relax the lower esophageal sphincter, which can sometimes cause gastric discomfort.

Traditional Medical Opinions

Ancient physicians described mint as beneficial for:

  • Nausea
  • Stomach pain
  • Intestinal worms (when combined with honey or vinegar)
  • Heart strengthening
  • Digestion improvement

It was also traditionally used to:

  • Relieve toothache
  • Calm nerves
  • Reduce gas in the abdomen
  • Support respiratory function (asthma and cough relief)

Modern Perspective

Mint is widely used in modern herbal medicine for:

  • Digestive relaxation
  • Relief of irritable bowel symptoms
  • Respiratory decongestion
  • Mild pain relief
  • Anti-spasmodic effects

Important Note

There is a common belief that mint may affect sexual performance negatively. However, scientific evidence does not support this claim, and it has no proven effect on sexual health.

Conclusion

Peppermint is a widely used medicinal herb with strong aromatic properties. It is mainly valued for its ability to support digestion, relieve respiratory congestion, reduce cramps, and calm the nervous system when used appropriately.

Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) – الرجلة / البقلة الحمقاء

Purslane is an annual herb known scientifically as Portulaca oleracea. It is commonly called “beyond grass” or “purslane” and is widely recognized in traditional medicine. The entire aerial part of the plant is used medicinally, excluding the roots.

Botanical Description

Purslane is a low-growing herb, either upright or spreading, reaching up to 30 cm in height.
Its stems and branches are smooth, fleshy, and succulent, with a green to reddish color.

Leaves are:

  • Oval or spoon-shaped
  • Smooth and fleshy

Flowers are:

  • Small, yellow
  • Without stalks
  • Open in the morning and usually close before noon

The plant is commonly found growing in moist areas such as valleys, irrigation channels, roadsides, and neglected fields.

Names and Scientific Classification

Purslane is known by many names, including:

  • Baghla / Baqla (Arabic regions)
  • Al-Rajla (Egypt)
  • “The foolish herb” (because it grows wild in unwanted places)

Scientific name: Portulaca oleracea

Family: Portulacaceae

Chemical Composition

Purslane contains a rich variety of nutrients, including:

  • Alkaloids
  • Flavonoids
  • Coumarins
  • Glycosides (including cardiac glycosides)
  • Anthraquinones
  • Hydrocyanic acid (in small amounts)
  • Fixed oils

It is also rich in:

  • Calcium
  • Iron
  • Vitamins A, B, and C
  • Potassium salts
  • Oxalic acid

Traditional Uses (Ancient Medicine)

Purslane has been highly valued in traditional medicine for centuries.

Ancient physicians described it as:

  • Cooling and soothing for the body
  • Helpful for mouth and gum conditions
  • Beneficial for intestinal ulcers and bleeding
  • Useful in stopping diarrhea
  • Helpful in reducing thirst and heat-related conditions
  • Applied externally for burns and skin inflammation

Some traditional texts also mention its use for:

  • Headache relief
  • Eye inflammation
  • Tooth pain
  • Urinary disorders
  • Hemorrhoids
  • Respiratory irritation

Modern Medical View

Modern studies recognize purslane as a valuable medicinal plant, especially for:

1. Urinary System

  • Acts as a mild diuretic
  • Helps relieve urinary difficulty and bladder irritation

2. Digestive System

  • Soothes the stomach and intestines
  • Helps in diarrhea and dysentery
  • Provides a protective mucilage that reduces irritation

3. Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects

  • Rich in antioxidants that protect cells from damage
  • May help reduce risk of heart disease

4. General Health Benefits

  • Helps reduce fever
  • Supports skin healing
  • Used in traditional medicine for infections and inflammation

Important Warnings

Despite its benefits, caution is advised:

  • Not recommended during pregnancy
  • Should not be used continuously for long periods
  • May affect reproductive hormones if overused (traditional reports)

Summary

Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) is a nutrient-rich wild herb with strong traditional medicinal value. It is widely used for digestive, urinary, and inflammatory conditions and is known for its cooling and soothing properties.